STRUCTURAL AND MINERALISATION MAPPING OF MUSCOVITE ORE DEPOSITS IN ELEEKU, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA

Authors

Keywords:

Aeromagnetic data, Oasis Montaj, Euler deconvolution, Eleeku, tilt angle derivative

Abstract

Aeromagnetic data has been successfully adopted to characterise mica mineralisation for industrial purposes in Eleeku, Nigeria. The data, sheet 223-Ilorin on a scale of 1:100,000 were obtained from the Nigerian Geological Survey Agency (NGSA) at a height of 80 meters along a series of NE-SW flight lines spaced 500 m interval. The Total Magnetic Intensity data was gridded at 125 m then reduction to the magnetic equator (RTE) was applied to center magnetic anomalies over their respective magnetic source bodies with the aid of Oasis Montaj™ software. Other enhancement techniques applied are total horizontal gradient (THG), tilt angular derivative (TDR) and 3-D Euler deconvolution. The results of the highest peak of THG on zero TDR in addition to 3D Euler deconvolution serve as source edge detection of geologic structures responsible for hosting mineralisation. 15 faults oriented in NW-SE and NE-SW directions were discovered. 4 out of these 15 are carriers of muscovite bearing faults, with a maximum depth of approximately 600 m and dip angles varying between 650 and 820. 3D Euler deconvolution of 0 structural index at a grid cell of 125 m and a window size 16x16 helped determine depth, position and contact between two lithologies of different magnetic source bodies. The maximum depths and dip angles to the top of the source bodies ranging between 450m - 1200 m and 650 - 820 respectively were found in Gudugba and Aboto Alfa communities while the shallow source depths and dip angles ranges from 300 - 400 m and...

Dimensions

Adekoya, J. A., Kehinde-Phillips, O. O., & Odukoya, A. M. (2003). Geological distribution of mineral resources in Southwestern Nigeria. In A. A. Elueze (Ed.), Prospects for investment in mineral resources of Southwestern Nigeria (pp. 15–56). Nigerian Mining and Geosciences Society (NMGS).

Ajibade, A. C., Woakes, M., & Rahaman, M. (1987). Proterozoic crustal development in the Pan-African regime of Nigeria. In A. Kroner (Ed.), Proterozoic lithospheric evolution (pp. 259–271). American Geophysical Union.

Aliyu, A., Lawal, K., Abubakar, I. Y., Wada, A., & Olayinka, A. L. (2020). Geomagnetic studies of pegmatite mineralisation at Lema and Ndeji North-Central, Nigeria. Journal of Mining and Geology, 56(1), 81–89.

Balogun, O. B. (2019). Tectonic and structural analysis of the Migmatite–Gneiss–Quartzite complex of Ilorin area from aeromagnetic data. NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics, 8(1), 22–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/20909977.2019.1615795

Barbosa, V., Sliva, J., & Medeiros, W. (1990). Stability analysis and improvement of structural index in Euler deconvolution. Geophysics, 64, 48–60.

Bassey, N., & Barka, J. (2015). Lithologic and structural mapping using aeromagnetic and ground radiometric data in Song Area, N. E. Nigeria. Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International, 2(4), 173–179. https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2015/18085

Bassey, R. (2011). Interpretations of aeromagnetic data from Ilesha (pp. 1–92).

Blakely, R. J., & Simpson, R. W. (1986). Approximating edges of source bodies from magnetic or gravity anomalies. Geophysics, 51(7), 1494–1498.

Chiapkin, K. F. (1969). The analysis of gravity data in the study of deep crust structure. Vnigeophizika.

Cordell, L., & Grauch, V. J. S. (1985). Mapping basement magnetization zones from aeromagnetic data in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico. In W. J. Hinze (Ed.), The utility of regional gravity and magnetic anomaly maps (pp. 181–197). Society of Exploration Geophysicists.

Dada, S. S. (1998). Crust-forming ages and Proterozoic crustal evolution in Nigeria: A reappraisal of current interpretations. Precambrian Research, 87(1), 65–74.

Durrheim, R. J., & Cooper, G. R. J. (1998). Euldep, a program for the Euler deconvolution of magnetic and gravity data. Computers & Geosciences, 24(6), 545–550.

Garba, I. (2003). Geochemical discrimination of newly discovered rare metal bearing and barren pegmatites in the Pan-African (600 ± 150 Ma) basement of Northern Nigeria. Applied Earth Science Transactions of the Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 112, B287–B291. https://doi.org/10.1179/037174503225011270

Ibrahim, A. A., & Hayatu, R. A. (2021). Genesis and rare metal potential of pegmatites around Makarfi area, North Western Nigeria. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 178, 104183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2021.104183

Ishola, K. S., Akerele, P. O., Folarin, O., Adeoti, L., Adegbola, R. B., & Adeogun, O. Y. (2020). Application of aeromagnetic data to map subsurface structural features in Ewekoro, Southwestern Nigeria. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 6(4), 2291–2302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-00812-y

Lawal, T. O. (2020). Integrated aeromagnetic and aeroradiometric data for delineating lithologies, structures, and hydrothermal alteration zones in part of southwestern Nigeria. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 13(16). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-05743-7

Li, X. (2008). Magnetic reduction-to-the-pole at low latitudes: Observations and considerations. The Leading Edge, 27(8), 990–1002.

Magaji, Y., & Sanusi, Y. A. (2021). Evaluation of hydrocarbon prospect in Lema area, western parts of Sokoto Basin, Nigeria, based on analysis of high-resolution aeromagnetic data. Quest Journals Journal of Research in Environmental and Earth Sciences, 7(4), 46–61.

Marchetti, M., & Settimi, A. (2011). Integrated geophysical measurements on a test site for detection of buried steel drums. Annals of Geophysics, 54(1), 105–114.

McCurry, P. (1978). Geology of degree sheets 19 (Zuru), 20 (Chafe), and part of 19 (Katsina). In Overseas Geological Mineral Resource, Nigeria (p. 53).

Miller, H. G., & Singh, V. (1994). Potential field tilt: A new concept for location of potential field sources. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 32, 213–217.

Mushayandebvu, M., van Driel, P., Reid, A., & Fairhead, J. (2001). Magnetic source parameters of two-dimensional structures using extended Euler deconvolution. Geophysics, 66(3), 814–823.

Nabighian, M. N. (1972). The analytic signal of two-dimensional magnetic bodies with polygonal cross-section: Its properties and use for automated anomaly interpretation. Geophysics, 37, 507–517. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1440276

NGSA. (2023). LITHO-STRUCTURAL MAP OF NIGERIA. Nigeria Geological Survey Agency. https://ngsa.gov.ng/litho-structural-map-of-nigeria/

Nguyen, H. H., Dang, L. V., & Vo, V. V. (2019). A combined Euler deconvolution and tilt angle method for interpretation of magnetic data in the South region. Science and Technology Development Journal, 22(2), 219–227. https://doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v22i2.1226

Okunlola, O. A., & Jimba, S. (2006). Compositional trends in relation to Ta-Nb mineralisation in Precambrian pegmatites of Aramoko-Ara-Ijero area, Southwestern Nigeria. Journal of Mining and Geology, 42(2), 113–126.

Okunlola, O. A., & Ogedengbe, O. (2003). Investment potential of gemstone occurrences in Southwestern Nigeria. In A. A. Elueze (Ed.), Prospects for investment in mineral resources of Southwestern Nigeria (pp. 41–45). Nigerian Mining and Geosciences Society (NMGS).

Okunlola, O. A., & Ofonime, B. E. (2006). Geological setting, petrographical features and age of rare metal (Ta-Nb) mineralisation of pegmatite of Komu area, Southwestern Nigeria. African Journal of Science and Technology, 7(1), 96–110.

Okunlola, O. A. (2005). Metallogeny of Tantalum-Niobium mineralisation of Precambrian pegmatites of Nigeria. Mineral Wealth, 137, 38–50.

Olaoluwa, D. T., Abdulmalik, A. E., Muraina, T. A., Girigisu, S., & Balogun, A. F. (2020). Dissolution of a Nigerian sourced muscovite ore for use as an ingredient in paint production. Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences, 2(3), 128–133. https://doi.org/10.46481/jnsps.2020.89

Oladejo, O. P., Adagunodo, T. A., Sunmonu, L. A., Adabanija, M. A., Enemuwe, C. A., & Isibor, P. O. (2020). Aeromagnetic mapping of fault architecture along Lagos-Ore axis, Southwestern Nigeria. Open Geosciences, 12(1), 376–389. https://doi.org/10.1515/geo-2020-0100

Olayinka, L. A., Ahmed, A. L., Lawal, K. M., & Muhyideen, H. (2019). Application of electrical resistivity imaging and induced polarization methods for groundwater exploration at Ahmadu Bello University phase ii, Zaria, Nigeria. FUDMA Journal of Sciences (FJS), 3(3), 123–130.

Oluyide, P. O., Nwajide, C. S., & Oni, A. O. (1988). The geology of Ilorin area. Bulletin Geological Survey of Nigeria, 42, 60–66.

Osagie, A. U., Eshanibli, A., & Adepelumi, A. A. (2021). Structural trends and basement depths across Nigeria from analysis of aeromagnetic data. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 178, 104184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2021.104184

Oyawoye, M. (1972). The basement complex of Nigeria. In T. F. J. Dessauvagie & A. J. Whiteman (Eds.), African geology (pp. 66–102). Ibadan University Press.

Paterson, N. R., Kwan, K. C. H., & Reford, S. W. (1991). Use of Euler deconvolution in recognizing magnetic anomalies of pipelike bodies. In Proceedings of the SEG Annual Meeting, Houston (pp. 642–645).

Phillips, J. D. (2000). Locating magnetic contacts: A comparison of the horizontal gradient, analytic signal, and local wavenumber methods. In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2000 (pp. 402–405). Society of Exploration Geophysicists.

Rahaman, M. A. (1988). Recent advances in the study of the Basement Complex of Nigeria. In Precambrian geology of Nigeria (pp. 11–43). Geological Survey of Nigeria.

Rahaman, M. A. (1989). Review of basement geology of Southwestern Nigeria. In C. A. Kogbe (Ed.), Geology of Nigeria (2nd ed., pp. 39–56). Rock View Ltd.

Ravat, D. (1996). Use of magnetic data in geothermal studies.

Reid, A. B., Allsop, J. M., Granser, H., Millet, A. J., & Somerton, I. (1990). Magnetic interpretation in three dimensions using Euler deconvolution. Geosciences Research, 55, 80–91.

Roest, W. R., & Pilkington, M. (1993). Identifying remanent magnetization effects in magnetic data. Geophysics, 58, 653–659.

Roest, W. R., Verhoef, J., & Pilkington, M. (1992). Magnetic interpretation using the 3-D analytic signal. Geophysics, 57(1), 116–125.

Salaudeen, S. A., Adagunodo, T. A., Busari, A. O., Suleman, K. O., & Sunmonu, L. A. (2025). Depth estimation of the residual field of Patigi Area, Nigeria, using source parameter imaging and spectral depth analysis. Recent Advances in Natural Sciences Journal, 3, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.61298/rans.2025.3.1.210

Salem, A., Williams, S., Fairhead, J., Ravat, D., & Smith, R. (2007). Tilt depth method: A simple depth estimation method using first-order magnetic derivatives. The Leading Edge, 26, 1502–1505.

Sherif, S. D. (2010). Matched filter separation of magnetic anomalies caused by scattered surface debris at archaeological sites. Near Surface Geophysics, 8, 145–150.

Thompson, D. T. (1982). EULDPH – A new technique for making computer-assisted depth estimates from magnetic data. Geophysics, 47, 31–37.

Turner, D. (1983). Upper Proterozoic schist belts in the Nigerian sector of the Pan-African province of West Africa. Precambrian Research, 21(1–2), 55–79.

Usman, N., Lawal, K. M., & Aku, M. O. (2014). Application of Werner deconvolution method in the direct interpretation of residual aeromagnetic anomalies. IOSR Journal of Applied Physics, 6(1), 18–21. https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-06131821

Verduzco, B., Fairhead, J. D., Green, C. M., & MacKenzie, C. (2004). New insights into magnetic derivatives for structural mapping. The Leading Edge, 23, 116–119.

Whitehead, N., & Musselman, C. (2008). Montaj Grav/Mag interpretation: Processing, analysis and visualisation systems for 3D inversion of potential field data for Oasis Montaj v6.3. Geosoft Incorporated.

Yaghoobian, A., Boustead, G. A., & Dobush, T. M. (1992). Object delineation using Euler’s homogeneity equation. In Proceedings of SAGEEP 92, San Diego, California.

Superimposition of Peaks of HGM and Zero (0) Contour TDR on Euler Solution Plot of Eleeku Area

Published

11-10-2025

How to Cite

Magaji, Y., Folorunso, I. O., Salaudeen, S. A., Olajide, T. A., & Folorunsho, O. W. (2025). STRUCTURAL AND MINERALISATION MAPPING OF MUSCOVITE ORE DEPOSITS IN ELEEKU, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA. FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 9(10), 277-289. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2025-0910-3856

How to Cite

Magaji, Y., Folorunso, I. O., Salaudeen, S. A., Olajide, T. A., & Folorunsho, O. W. (2025). STRUCTURAL AND MINERALISATION MAPPING OF MUSCOVITE ORE DEPOSITS IN ELEEKU, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA. FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 9(10), 277-289. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2025-0910-3856